Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module on Knowledge regarding Acid Peptic Diseases and its Prevention among Administrative Employees in selected institutes of Dakshina Kannada District

Julie K Joseph¹*, Yathi Kumara Swamy Gowda²

¹Assistant Professor, Alva’s College of Nursing. Mooodbidri, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

²Principal, Alva’s College of Nursing. Mooodbidri, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

*Corresponding Author Email: juliejose2003@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:

Introduction: Gastro intestinal disorders are a leading cause of loss of time from work, hospitalization and death. In all age groups a fast paced lifestyle, high level of stress, irregular eating habits and lack of daily exercise contribute to gastro intestinal problems. Hence the investigator decided to conduct a study to assess effectiveness of self instructional module on knowledge regarding acid peptic diseases and its prevention among administrative employees in selected institutes of Dakshina Kannada District.

Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of self instructional module on knowledge regarding acid peptic diseases and its prevention among administrative employees.

Settings and Design: An evaluative approach with pre-experimental design, one group pre-test post-test was adopted in order to evaluate effectiveness of SIM on knowledge regarding acid peptic diseases and its prevention among administrative employees in selected institutes of Dakshina Kannada District. Non probability convenient sampling was used to select the 60 sample for the study.

Methods and Material: Demographic profile and structured knowledge questionnaire was developed as the tool to collect data.

Statistical analysis used: Descriptive and inferential statistics were planned to analyze the collected data.

Results: The result showed that the mean percentage of post test knowledge scores (80.12%) regarding APD and its prevention were found to be higher than mean percentage of pre-test knowledge scores (54.88%). There was significant difference between mean pre test and mean post test knowledge scores of administrative employees (t (59)= 25.89, table value t (59) = 1.670, p < 0.05, highly significant).

Conclusions: The findings of the study shows that the SIM was effective in all the areas in improving the knowledge of administrative employees.

KEY WORDS: Acid peptic diseases and its prevention; self instructional module; administrative employees.

INTRODUCTION:

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not merely absence of disease and infirmity (WHO). Today, increasing emphasis is placed on health, health promotion and disease prevention. Diet and nutrition are important factors in the promotion and maintenance of good health throughout the entire life course. Healthy eating is a corner stone of healthy lifestyle.

Gastro intestinal system has got relation with diet. Through the processes of digestion, secretion, absorption Gastro intestinal tract maintains the body’s daily requirements and exerts waste products of digestion¹.

The burden of chronic diseases is rapidly increasing worldwide. The proportion of the burden of non communicable diseases is expected to increase to 57% by 2020. On a global basis, 60% of the burden of chronic diseases will occur in developing countries. Shifting dietary patterns, a decline in energy expenditure associated with a sedentary lifestyle, an ageing population, together with tobacco use and alcohol consumption are major risk factors for non communicable diseases and pose an increasing challenge to public health².

Gastro intestinal disorders are a leading cause of loss of time from work, hospitalization and death3. Gastro intestinal diseases account for about 10% of illness in the United States. In all age groups a fast paced lifestyle, high level of stress, irregular eating habits and lack of daily exercise contribute to gastro intestinal problems1. Acid-related disorders influence the quality of life and productivity of afflicted patients and are common and important causes of morbidity and mortality³.

Gastric ulcers are very common and affect all age group irrespectively. Peptic ulcer affects 1 in every 10 people. The annual incidence of gastric ulcer varies approximately 1 case per 1000 population in Japan to 1.5 cases per 1000 population in Scotland. In the US 2% of general population gets affected with peptic ulcers. The male to female ratio is 1:1 in US and 18:1 in India⁴.

Studies suggested that stress may predispose someone to ulcer or sustain existing ulcers. Some expert’s in fact estimate that social and psychological factors may contribute role in 30% to 60% of peptic ulcers⁵. A study was conducted in an industrial population in India found that employees had perceived job stress and incidence of peptic ulcer among these employees was 13.68% ⁶.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

In order to achieve the objectives of the study an evaluative approach was found to be appropriate and selected for the study. The research design adopted for the present study was pre-experimental design with one group pre-test post-test to assess the knowledge gained by the 60 administrative employees regarding acid peptic diseases and its prevention following administration of self instructional module. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used. . The reliability co- efficient of tool was calculated using split half method followed by Spearman’s Brown Prophecy formula. The reliability of the tool was found to be r (10) = 0.80 which was statistically significant. Pilot study was conducted among 10 administrative employees the tool was found feasible, practicable and no changes were made after the pilot study.

RESULTS:

In order to find out the effectiveness, data were tabulated, analysed and interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

Data in figure 1 shows that in the pre-test majority of administrative employees (81.7%) had average knowledge, 10.0% had good knowledge, 1.7% had very good knowledge, 6.7% had poor knowledge regarding APD and its prevention. But in the posttest majority of the administrative employees (55.0%) had acquired very good knowledge, 43.3% had acquired good knowledge and 1.7% had average knowledge.

The data presented in Table 1 shows that ‘t’ value computed between mean pre-test and post-test knowledge score (t₍₅₉₎=25.89, table value t₍₅₉₎=1.670, p < 0.05) is statistically significant. Hence the null hypothesis is rejected and research hypothesis is accepted. It shows that there is a significant difference between the mean pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of administrative employees regarding APD and its prevention.

The data presented in Table 2 shows that paired ‘t’ computed between mean pre-test and post-test knowledge score is statistically significant in all the areas, anatomy and physiology (t₍₅₉₎=12.98, table value t₍₅₉₎= 1.670, P < 0.05 ), meaning of APD ( t₍₅₉₎=12.99, table value t₍₅₉₎= 1.670, P < 0.05 ), causes and risk factors (t₍₅₉₎= 13.64 table value t₍₅₉₎= 1.670, P < 0.05),clinical features and diagnosis (t₍₅₉₎= 14.51 Table value t₍₅₉₎= 1.670, P < 0.05 ), prevention, management and complications of APD(t₍₅₉₎= 6.47, table value t₍₅₉₎= 1.670, P < 0.05).

TABLE 1:Mean, standard deviation (SD), mean deviation (MD) and paired‘t’ test of pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of administrative employees N=60

Knowledge score	Mean	Standard deviation	Mean difference	‘t’ Value	Remark
Pre-test knowledge score	15.37	2.358	7.07	*25.89	Highly significant
Post-test knowledge score	22.43	1.986	7.07	*25.89	Highly significant

Table value t₍₅₉₎ = 1.670, p < 0.05, *Highly significant.

Table 2: Area wise paired‘t’ test showing significant difference between pretest and post-test knowledge scores N=60

Areas	Pre-test knowledge score		Post-test knowledge score		‘t’ value
Areas	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	‘t’ value
Anatomy and physiology of gastrointestinal system	2.68	0.725	4.02	0.651	*12.98
Meaning of APD	2.12	0.865	3.25	0.571	*12.99
Causes and risk factors	3.63	0.780	4.95	0.723	*13.64
Clinical features and diagnosis	2.63	0.736	4.02	0.596	*14.51
Prevention, management and complication of APD	4.30	1.109	6.33	0.729	*16.47

Table value t₍₅₉₎= 1.670, P < 0.05, * Significant.

Fig 1

DISCUSSION:

The findings of the study demonstrated that majority of subjects were in the age group of 30-40 years (58.3%), were males (53.3%), were married (66.6%) belonged to Hindu religion (80.0%), consumed mixed diet (65.0%), were graduates (71.7%), were clerk (66.7%), had a monthly income of less than Rs. 10,000 (46.7%), (83.3%) do not have history of ulcer , were not taking pain killers frequently (76.7%), do not have any bad habits (81.7%), do not have any information on APD (83.3%) and (58.3%) not experienced any form of stress.

The paired ‘t’ test computed to find the difference between mean pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of administrative employees (t ₍₅₉₎ = 25.89, table value t ₍₅₉₎ = 1.670, p < 0.05) was statistically significant. Hence the researcher rejected null hypothesis and research hypothesis was accepted, indicating that the self instructional module was effective.

SUGGESTIONS:

1. Nurses can organise health education programmes to educate people on prevention of APD.

2. A planned teaching programme can be conducted on APD for high risk groups.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

Based upon the study findings, the following recommendations were made for the future study.

1. A similar study may be replicated on a larger sample.

2. True experimental study can be done on APD and its prevention.

3. A follow up study can be taken to determine the long-term effectiveness of the SIM.

4. A survey can be conducted to find the incidence of APD and related complications

CONCLUSION:

In view of the magnitude of the problem, the prevalence of acid peptic diseases in developing country is consistently high. The present study revealed inadequacies in the knowledge of acid peptic diseases and its prevention amongst administrative employees. This indicates that there is need for health education campaign for the improvement of knowledge, life style practices and prevention regarding acid peptic diseases to the community.

REFERENCES:

1. Smeltzer SC, Bare BG. Brunner and Suddarth’s Medical Surgical Nursing. 11^th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2006.

2. WHO. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep005/AC911E/AC911E00html.

3. Rebecca JF, Teresa GO. Ulcers digestive health A to Z your family health site, encyclopedia index ‘U’ 668-5237.2004. Available at http://www.gastro.org./dhi.html.

4. Drsachin. Acid peptic disease. Available at: http://www.healthorchid.com/content/consumer/acidity_m.asp . Accessed Apr 28, 2009.

5. Shrestha S. Gastric ulcer. 2007;(11 screens). Available at: URL:http://www.asemedicine.com/js.nsg/params.richmedia. Accessed May 2 2007.

6. Young CR, Welsh JC. Stress, health and disease 2005; Available at URL:http://www.cellscience.com/reviews/Stress-Health-Disease html

Received on 12.02.2014 Modified on 11.03.2014

Asian J. Nur. Edu. & Research 4(2): April- June 2014; Page 238-241